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Jesper Brochmand
Jesper Rasmussen Brochmand (5 August 1585 - 19 April 1652) was a Danish Lutheran clergyman, theologian and professor who served as Bishop of the Diocese of Zealand.〔(''Jesper Brochmand'' (Roskildes Historie) )〕
==Biography==
Jesper Rasmussen Brochmand was born at Køge, Zealand. He attended Herlufsholm Academy in Copenhagen, followed by training as a theological student in the Netherlands at Leiden University and the University of Franeker. He returned to Copenhagen in 1608 to serve as Rector of Herlufsholm Academy. In 1610, he became a Professor Pædagogicus at University of Copenhagen, professor of Greek in 1613 and a member of the theological faculty in 1615. In 1617 he was appointed tutor to Crown Prince Christian, eldest son of King Christian IV, returning to the university three years later. He was ordained Bishop of Zealand (''Bisperække for Sjællands stift'') in 1639. During his long and fruitful activity in this office, he reorganized the worship service of the Church of Denmark, especially by abolishing the Latin choir and by introducing Wednesday services during Lent.〔(''Jesper Brochmand'' (Dansk Biografisk Leksikon) )〕
At this same time, Denmark was impacted by the Counter-Reformation efforts of the Roman Catholic Church through propaganda generated by the scholastic revival. Brochmand made the controversy with Rome a subject of his public lectures. In 1626–28, he published his ''Controversiæ sacræ'' (3 parts), a reply in the style of Lutheran scholasticism to Cardinal Bellarmine's attacks on the Lutheran Church. In 1634, at the king's order, he engaged in a polemic with the Jesuits, who endeavored to defend the conversion of Christian William, Margrave of Brandenburg to Roman Catholicism.〔(Carl Frederik Bricka: ''Brochmand, Jesper Rasmussen, 1585-1652, Biskop'' (Dansk biografisk Lexikon / III) )〕
Against this pamphlet Brochmand delivered a series of lectures which, after his death, were collected and published under the title ''Apologiæ, speculi veritatis confutatio'' (1653). His reputation as a dogmatist was established by his ''Systema universae theologiae'' (2 vols., 1633) in which he proved himself a bitter opponent, not only of the Roman Catholics, but also of Calvinism. He wrote several devotional works, of which his ''Sabbati sanctificatio'' was for more than two centuries a favorite collection of sermons with the Danish people.
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